Mughal Emperors of India, Muhammad Shah, 1131/1 (Ahad), AR Rupi, Itawa mint

[aws22]

Mughal Emperors of India, Roshan Akhtar Muhammad Shah, 1131/1 (Ahad), AR Rupi, Itawa mint, KM 436.2 (AH 1131-1161/1719-1748 AD)
Weight: 11.36 gm
Diameter: 23 mm
Edge: Plain
Metal: Silver.
Obverse:” محمد شاه ۱۱۳۱ \ پادشاه غازی \ سکه مبارک “, Muhammad Shah 1131 / Badshah Ghazi / Sikka Mubarak,  [Auspicious coin of Emperor Muhammad Shah the fighter of infidels (Ghazi)] / 1131.
Reverse, Persian legend: " سنہ أحد جلوس میمنت مانوس ضرب اتاوا ", Zarb Itawa, Sanat Ahad julus maimanat manus (struck at Itawa year 1 of the accession associated with tranquil prosperity).
Nadir Shah entered the city of Delhi on 09 March 1739 and was proclaimed sovereign. Nadir Shah forced Muhammad Shah to handover the keys of his royal treasury, and losing even the fabled Peacock throne to the Persian emperor. Nadir Shah also looted the “ Koh-i-Noor که – ی - نور “, (meaning "Mountain of Light" in Persian) and “ Darya-ye Noor دریا - ی - نور “, (meaning "Sea of Light") diamonds.

Maythem

[asm]

Nice coin but I do not see beyond the 11 of the date. The third digit is partly seen and can be confirmed as a 3 because it could only be a 113X / Ahd for the date. There is no way anyone can confirm the date as 1132.

Amit

[aws22]

Thank you Amit, on September 29, 1719 AD (1131 AH), Muhammad Shah was given the title Abu Al-Fatah Nasir-ud-Din Roshan Akhtar Muhammad Shah and enthroned in the Red Fort.
Julus (Ahad), means (1) first year reign anniversary, that is 1132 AH by simple calculation.

Maythem

[asm]

Thank you Amit, on September 29, 1719 AD (1131 AH), Muhammad Shah was given the title Abu Al-Fatah Nasir-ud-Din Roshan Akhtar Muhammad Shah and enthroned in the Red Fort.
Julus (Ahd), means (1) first year reign anniversary, that is 1132 AH by simple calculation.

Maythem

You have yourself mentioned that Muhammad Shah was enthroned in 1131 (I have marked it large fonts in Navy colour. Ahd is the first year of rule and not the first anniversary (which would be the start of the second year of rule).

I have quite a few coins of his dated AH 1131 RY Ahd.

Amit

[aws22]

Thank You Amit, you are right and I agree with you, it is 1131/Ahad, " ۱۱۳۱/ احد ". But according to chiefacoins.com, there are Mintage Years: AH1131//1 (Ahad), AH1132//1 (Ahad) for Ruler: Roshan Akhtar Mohammed Shah.
Mughal Empire coins and Rulers with brief history

Maythem

[asm]

Thank You Amit, you are right and I agree with you, it is 1131/Ahad, " ۱۱۳۱/ احد ". But according to chiefacoins.com, there are Mintage Years: AH1131//1 (Ahad), AH1132//1 (Ahad) for Ruler: Roshan Akhtar Mohammed Shah.
Mughal Empire coins and Rulers with brief history

Maythem

I believe you are a bit confused about the dating system of the Mughals. The RY 1 starts on the day the ruler takes the throne and the 'Kutba' is read in his name. The AH year is the ongoing Hijri year. It is not possible that both start on the same day. So, somewhere during the RY 1 the running AH will end and the next AH (running AH + 1) will commence. SO RY 1 will cover 2 AH years. In this case RY 1 or 'ahd' as is engraved on the coins of Muhammad Shah will start in 1131 and finish in 1132.

I furnish the details of these dates from a table prepared by Oesho - Jan Lingen.

AH          date commences AD       Ry.       Date Ry. commenced.
1131         13-11-1718                  1         18-02-1719
1132         03-11-1719                  2         08-02-1720

From the above you can see that AH 1131 RY ahd of Muhammad Shah runs from 18-02-1719 to 02-11-1719 and AH 1132 RY ahd runs from 03-11-1719 to 07-02-1720. AH 1132 RY 2 starts 08-02-1720  The AD dates mentioned in this table are according to the Julian calendar. For the present calendar (Gregorian calendar) we have to add 11 days.

Since your coin does not show the last digit of the AH date, it is impossible to say whether the AH date is 1131 or 1132 and hence it would be best to describe the coin as AH 113X.

I hope I have been able to make it clear.

Amit

PS: I observe that there is a mismatch in the date of accession mentioned by you and what has been prepared by Jan.

[aws22]

Many thanks Amit for the clarification, it is well described.

Maythem