From Wikipedia:
Qatar, officially the State of Qatar, is a sovereign Arab emirate, located in Western Asia, occupying the small Qatar Peninsula on the northeasterly coast of the much larger Arabian Peninsula. Its sole land border is with Saudi Arabia to the south, with the rest of its territory surrounded by the Persian Gulf. A strait in the Persian Gulf separates Qatar from the nearby island kingdom of Bahrain. The capital city is Doha, and the country has a population of 2,144,000.
Qatar is an absolute monarchy that has been ruled by the Al Thani family since the mid-19th century. It was a British protectorate from 1916 until it gained independence in 1971. Most Qataris belong to the strict Wahhabi sect of Islam. Qatar has the most conservative society in the Persian Gulf after Saudi Arabia.
Qatar has the world's third largest natural gas reserves and oil reserves in excess of 25 billion barrels, which has fueled Qatar to become the world's richest country per capita and achieve the highest human development in the Arab World and 36th highest globally.